Who is Randy Pausch?

Randy Pausch was a computer science professor at CMU, a virtual reality pioneer, human-computer interaction researcher, and creator of the Alice software project.

What was he known for?

Randy Pausch was famous for his talk about "the last lecture, really achieving your childhood dreams."

5 points I liked in his talk:

  1. Learn how to make time for important things and say no politely
  2. "If you can dream it, you can do it"
  3. "Failing to plan is planning to fail"
  4. Don't do things last minute.
  5. “Being successful doesn't make you manage your time well. Managing your time well makes you successful.”

How do you define AI?

the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.

Can you name at least three different sub-fields of AI?

Machine learning, Natural language processing, Robotics

AI has been around since about 70 years so far. Why is it booming right now?

I believe that ai has become a very big thing in today's world due to the increased in data volumes, advanced algorithms, and improvements in computing power and storage.

Can you name at least three application sectors where robots are being largely employed? What are the reasons?

AeroSpace, Manufacturing , Medicine: They can handle lifting heavy loads, toxic substances and repetitive tasks.
This has helped companies to prevent many accidents, also saving time and money. In the medical field robots are used for intricate surgeries such as prostate cancer surgery.

Can you identify three major challenges for a wheeled autonomous robot performing a 24h surveillance task in a large facility?

Data Analysis & Computer Vision
Power & Resources
Navigation

references:

britannica mhi

Qatar State News Agency Got Hacked

What did attackers break into?

They gained access to the website and distributed false reports claiming to be from its Sheikh Tamim on very sensitive regional political issues.

How did the attackers break into it?

It did not say who was to blame for the hack. Some speculated that Russian hackers were involved.

Who was impacted?

Qatar's diplomatic relations with the Gulf (KSA, UAE, Bahrain) were harmed, and Egypt severed all ties with Qatar. This tragedy set off a political chain reaction that resulted in the blockade, impacting many residents who had relatives in the Gulf.

How was it investigated?

Qatar denied any charges, but this did not defuse the issue.

QNB breach

What did attackers break into?

In 2016, they gained access to QNB's data files and published approximately 1.4GB of material on a website, exposing over 15,500 documents comprising various credit card numbers, passwords, PINs, account information.

How did the attackers break into it?

Unknown

Who was impacted?

Credit card holders had all their information leaked and some government documents were leaked, but no financial loss was caused.

How was it investigated?

QNB responded and said it would not respond on social media.

references:

Cyberlands

What is cloud computing?

Cloud Computing refers to the practice of using remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data instead of relying on a local computer or server.

Is cloud computing a new technology per se? In other words, what are the unique technology features of cloud computing, if any?

It's not entirely new, but it has become much more powerful and popular recently. Some of its special features include:
Flexible Sharing
Easy Adjustments
Quick Access

What are the three major cloud service models?

Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Name at least 3 real-world domains where the application of cloud computing was (or can be) very enabling and effective.

Education
Healthcare
Entertainmnt

What is the economic/business model of cloud computing?

The economic and business model of cloud computing revolves around the concept of providing IT resources and services on-demand, typically through a subscription-based payment model. e.g. "Pay-as-You-Go:"

Name 3 applications on Natural Language Processing?

Email Filters
Smart assistants
Search Results

Select three words in your language and for each word try to separate into its internal component.

Habibi = Ha-bi-bi
Qamar = Qa-mar
Sadiq = Sa-diq

Select three sentences in your native language

Ana thahib ila almadrasa 8adan la2akhoth doroosi = I am going(ana thahib) to school(ila almadrasa) tomorrow(8adan) to take my (la2akhoth) lessons(doroosi).
al shams tashruk fe al sabah w t8eeb fe al masa2 = The sun (al shams) rises(tashruk) in the(fe al) morning(sabah) and (w) sets(t8eeb) in the evening (fe al masa2).
al zohoor tozayen al 7adeeqa b2alwaniha al zahiya w aljameela = The flowers(al zohoor) decorate(tozayen) the garden( al 7adeeqa) with their vibrant(zahiya) and beautiful(jameela) colors(b2alwaniha).

How many interpretations are there for the following English sentence "Time flies like an arrow"  Write each interpretation descriptively?.

5 interpretations:

imperative -
Measure the speed of flies like you would measure the speed of an arrow ie. (You should) time flies as you would time an arrow.
Measure the speed of flies using methods that an arrow would use—i.e. (You should) time flies in the same manner that an arrow would time them.
Measure the speed of flies with qualities resembling those of arrows—i.e. (You should) time those flies that are like an arrow.

Declarative -
Time moves through the air in a way an arrow would.
(i.e. neutrally stating a proposition) Certain flying insects, called "time flies", enjoy an arrow.

What is the most likely word that follows “The prime”?

The prime minister

references:

Tableau wikipedia

What is a decision problem?

A decision problem is a yes or no question on an infinite set of inputs. It is traditional to define the decision problem as the set of possible inputs together with the set of inputs for which the answer is yes.

What does it mean for a decision problem to be decidable?

A decision problem is deemed decidable when the collection of inputs (or natural numbers) resulting in a positive answer is classified as a recursive set (if the answer is yes).

What is the class P? What is the class NP?

P represents the set of problems solvable within polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine, while NP refers to the set of problems that can be tackled within polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine.

What is the intuitive meaning of the “P versus NP” question?

If a problem's solution can be confirmed or checked in polynomial time, does that necessarily mean it can also be discovered or computed in polynomial time?

If you resolve the P versus NP question, how much richer will you be?

P=NP question is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems.The Clay Mathematics Institute of Cambridge, Massachusetts awards $1 million to whoever manages to solve (prove or disprove) the statement.

references:

gizmodo JNTUACEK wikipedia

Why did we move from punch cards to programming languages? What does that tell you about the purpose of programming languages?

Punch cards have a lower degree of abstraction than programming languages, making it harder for programmers to write code. Punch cards must be kept in order and are susceptible to breaking. It would take a lot of time to stack punch cards to put back together if they were to be dropped and scattered. The process of inputting the punch cards into a machine would also take a long time. All of these issues are resolved by programming languages since they are stored on magnetic tapes, which don't run the risk of losing the program's order and can be read by computers considerably faster. so the whole purpose of programming languages is to make life easier for the programmer to write code more efficiently.

There are hundreds of different programming languages out there. Why do you think we need so many?

Each programming language has unique qualities and traits that make it appropriate for particular tasks. The same is true for programming, just as there are many specializations in medicine, and each uses the appropriate tools and handles complex problems. The same is for programming

What are some drawbacks of a programming language you use? How would you like it to be different? Think of specific examples.

P The machine code generated using programming languages is not always optimized to execute as quickly and efficiently as possible. Python is more dynamic and thus allowing more versatility when using it, however that is at the expense at the speed of running code, something i would like to implemenet is to kind of have a way to pick the amount of versatility and speed required, but that's a hard task and would inevitably make python, not the python we know and love.

If you were going to create a new programming language, how would you start? What do you need to define?

well, first of all, i will pick up a pen and paper, and start writing the grammar(syntax) of my programming language then i will decide if it is a statically typed language or dynamic, then after that i will probably pick if i want it to be a compiler used, interpreter, or both. but for that to happen, lets say i decide to pick a compiler, i will have to go through 5 steps, Lexical analysis,parsing, semantic analysis, optimization and code generation, which are essential steps for the compiler to work.

  1. Lexical Analysis. Recognize language keywords, operators, constant and every token that the grammar defines.
  2. Parsing. The stream of tokens is “understood”, in the sense that the relation between each pair of token is encoded in a tree-like data structure. Such a tree is meant to describe the meaning of the operations, in each line of source code.
  3. Semantic Analysis. Probably the most obscure of all steps. Mainly involves understanding types and checking inconsistency in the “meaning” of the source code (not just in the syntax). Tough.
  4. ptimization. No matter how good the source code was before compilation, chances are that while going to lower levels of encoding (till machine code) several optimizations can be implemented. Things like memory optimization, or even
  5. Code Generation. The optimized version of the original code is finally translated into executable code.

references:

slate FreeCodeCamp ITprotoday Pgrandinetti