## Chapter 9 notes

The history of the Hypercontractivity Theorem is complicated.

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## §9.6: Highlight: The Kahn–Kalai–Linial Theorem

Recalling the social choice setting of Chapter 2.5, consider a $2$-candidate, $n$-voter election using a monotone voting rule $f : \{-1,1\}^n \to \{-1,1\}$. We assume the impartial culture assumption (that the votes are independent and uniformly random), but with a twist: one of the candidates, say $b \in \{-1,1\}$, is able to secretly bribe $k$ [...]

## §9.5: Applications of hypercontractivity

With the $(2,q)$- and $(p,2)$-Hypercontractivity Theorems in hand, let’s revisit some applications we saw in Sections 1 and 2.

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## §9.4: Two-function hypercontractivity and induction

At this point we have established that if $f : \{-1,1\} \to {\mathbb R}$ then for any $p \leq 2 \leq q$, $\|\mathrm{T}_{\sqrt{p-1}} f\|_2 \leq \|f\|_p, \qquad \|\mathrm{T}_{1/\sqrt{q-1}} f\|_q \leq \|f\|_2.$ We would like to extend these facts to the case of general $f : \{-1,1\}^n \to {\mathbb R}$; i.e., establish the $(p,2)$- [...]

## §9.3: $(2,q)$- and $(p,2)$-hypercontractivity for a single bit

Although you can get a lot of mileage out of studying the $4$-norm of random variables, it’s also natural to consider other norms.

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## §9.2: Small subsets of the hypercube are noise-sensitive

An immediate consequence of the Bonami Lemma is that for any $f : \{-1,1\}^n \to {\mathbb R}$ and $k \in {\mathbb N}$, $$\label{eqn:2-4-hypercon-k} \|\mathrm{T}_{1/\sqrt{3}} f^{=k}\|_4 = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}^k} \|f^{=k}\|_4 \leq \|f^{=k}\|_2.$$

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## §9.1: Low-degree polynomials are reasonable

As anyone who has worked in probability knows, a random variable can sometimes behave in rather “unreasonable” ways. It may be never close to its expectation. It might exceed its expectation almost always, or almost never. It might have finite $1$st, $2$nd, and $3$rd moments, but an infinite $4$th moment. All of this poor behaviour [...]

## Chapter 9: Basics of hypercontractivity

In 1970, Bonami proved the following central result:

The Hypercontractivity Theorem Let $f : \{-1,1\}^n \to {\mathbb R}$ and let ${1 \leq p \leq q \leq \infty}$. Then $\|\mathrm{T}_\rho f\|_q \leq \|f\|_p$ for $0 \leq \rho \leq \sqrt{\tfrac{p-1}{q-1}}$.

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## Chapter 8 notes

The origins of the orthogonal decomposition described in Section 3 date back to the work of Hoeffding [Hoe48] (see also [vMis47]).

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