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What is a genome/DNA and why is it important to know?
The genetic makeup of a life containing all information about it.
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Does CS have a significant role to play in studying why we are tall, organized, athletic, or healthy?
It is important. E.g. it helps us calculate the calorie intake.
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What are some of the important questions in biology and medicine that can be addressed with computer science?
Stochastic simulation, agent-based modelling.
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Is it enough to study humans and the human genome?
Not enough, as other creatures may have genes of interest that can be beneficial to humans.
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Is the industry interested in computational biology, or is it largely academic research?
It is in both fields. For example, the clinical implication of using genome analysis to find potential genetic diseases.