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What is a decision problem?
A problem whose answers are only yes xor no.
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What does it mean for a decision problem to be decidable
There exists at least one algorithm that answers all problem inputs correctly.
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What is the class P? What is the class NP?
Decision probems easily solvable in polynomial time. Solution verifiable in polynomial time.
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What is the intuitive meaning of the "P versus NP" question?
Whether all NP have shortcuts to be computed as P.
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If you resolve the P versus NP question, how much richer will you be?
A lot.