£¨4êÅ¡¡2ìí¡¡ÙþÛö£©
~ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤
Direct Translation: (double negative) cannot avoid not doing ~
* Note: ª¶ªë is a ancient Japanese form of ªÊª¤
*
Pattern:
¡¡
ÔÑÞòªÊª¤û¡+ ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤
=
ªÊª±ªìªÐªÊªéªÊª¤
= ªèªêª·ª«ª¿ª¬ªÊª¤
¡Ø ª¹ªë
è
"~ª»ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤"
1. ªÀªìªâú¼ª¯ìѪ¬ª¤ªÊª±ªìªÐ,
Þ窬ú¼ª«ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤
2. ãËúЪ¬ª¢ª·ª¿ªÇªÎªÇØõ˪»ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤
3. Ê«ª¬Þ¸(ªÞªº)ª·ª«ªÃª¿ª«ªé,
ÍÔÔõùÊÎèªòðïåöª¹ªëªÈª¹ª¯ö¦òŪ»ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª«ªÃª¿
4. ÞÀͺªÎô¡ìò(ª»ªªËªó)ªÏÞçªËª¢ªëª«ªé,
ô¡ìòªòö¢ªéª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤
5. Ù¥ìíªÏý̪ߪÀª¬,
ÞÂÞÀª¬ª¢ªëª«ªé,
ª«ª¤ª·ªãªËú¼ª«ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤
ª«ªªê(ªÀ)
Meaning: As much as ~
Pattern:
ÔÑÞòê«úþ¡¡£«¡¡ª«ªªê
1. ð¤Óø(ª»ª¤ªÉ)ËÇà¼(ª«ª¤ª¼ªó)ªÎª¿ªá,
ªÇªªëª«ªªêªÎ Ò½Õôªòª·ªèª¦
2. ò±(ª·)ªÃªÆª¤ªëª«ª®ªêªÎª³ªÈªò
îïÝ» ü¥(ªÏªÊ)ª·ªÆª¯ªÀªµª¤
¡¡
ª«ª®ªêªÇªÏ
* Meaning: as far as ~
* Pattern: ÔÑÞòê«úþ¡¡+
ª«ª®ªêªÇªÏ
1. Þ窬ò±(ª·)ªÃªÆª¤ªëª«ª®ªêªÇªÏ,
ªÁªçªÃªÈ ªàªºª«ª·ª¤ªÈÞÖ(ªªªâ)ª¤ªÞª¹
2. ïÙö½îܪ˪ߪ몫ª®ªêªÇªÏ,
ª¿ª¤ªêªÄªòªÄªÅª¤ªÆª¤ªëª¬
¡¡
Ù£Þò¡¡£«¡¡ª«ª®ªê
* Meaning: only ~, due ~, limited ~, while ~
1. ßö×¾ªÎª¦ª±ªÄª±ªÏ
ÐÑìíª«ª®ªêªÇª¹
2. 50%
ªïªêªÓªªÏ ÐÑìíª«ª®ªêªÇª¹
3. ìéÓøª«ª®ªêªÀª«ªé, àüÓު˪Ȫ¤ª¦ ëòãÛ(ª¤ª·ª)ª¬
ªÄªèª¤ªóªÇª¹
4. ª¦ªÁªÎïÁªÇªÎ ªªª«ªóª¸ªçª¦ªÏ úÞÐݪ«ª®ªêªÇª¹
¡¡
¡ªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤, ¡ªÏ¡ªËª«ª®ªë
*
¡ªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤:
does not necessarily mean ~
=
ù±ªºª·ªâ¡ªÊª¤
1. ªÄªèª¤ªâªÎª¬ ã(ª«)ªÄªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤ªóªÇª¹
è
Strong one does not necessarily win.
2. Ú¸ìѪÀª«ªé ú¹(ª·ª¢ªï)ª»ªËªÊªëªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤
è
¡¡
* (A)ªÏ(B)ªËª«ª®ªë: when (A), (B) is the best
when speaking of (A), (B) is the best
1. ñЪÏ
ìíÜâñЪ˪«ª®ªë
è
When speaking of drinks,
Japanese Sake is the best
2. ªÄª«ªìª¿ãÁªÏ ªªªÕªíªËìý(ªÏª¤)ªëªËª«ª®ªë
è When (you are) tired, taking a bath is the best
3. ù¾ªÏ
ßæ«Ó-«ëªËª«ª®ªë
è
In summer, tab beer is the best.
¡¡
¡ªËª«ª®ªéªº, ¡ªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê
¡Ü ¡ªËª«ª®ªéªº:
not only ~, not limited
to ~
=ªÀª±ªÇªÏªÊª¯
=ªÎªßªÊªéªº
1. ªªªóª»ªóªÏ Ò´(ªÈª·)ªèªêªËª«ª®ªéªº,
ªïª«ª¤ªâªÎªËªâ ªËªóªª¬ª¢ªêªÞª¹
2. í»ÔÑó³ß§åöªËª«ª®ªéªºª¢ªéªæªëß§åöª¬ ÝÕüϪǪ¹
3. ïÙö½ËÇúԪΪ¿ªáªËªÏïÙö½Ê«ªËª«ª®ªéªº,
ª³ª¯ªßªóªâÒ½Õôª¹ªëªÙªªÇª¹
¡Ü ¡ªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê
=¡ª·ªÊª±ªìªÐ
1. ª·ªóª½ª¤ª¬ ϼ٥(ªªåª¦ªáª¤)ªµªìªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê,
ïÙö½ÝÕãáªÏ ªª¨ªÊª¤ªÀªíª¦
2. ªªÐݪò ªÏªéªïªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê,
ìýíުϪǪªÞª»ªó
¡¡