£¨4êÅ¡¡2ìí¡¡ÙþÛö£©

 

~ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤

 

Direct Translation: (double negative) cannot avoid not doing ~

* Note: ª¶ªë is a ancient Japanese form of ªÊª¤

* Pattern:

¡¡

ÔÑÞòªÊª¤û¡+ ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤

= ªÊª±ªìªÐªÊªéªÊª¤
=
ªèªêª·ª«ª¿ª¬ªÊª¤

¡Ø ª¹ªë è "~ª»ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤"

1.
ªÀªìªâú¼ª¯ìѪ¬ª¤ªÊª±ªìªÐ, Þ窬ú¼ª«ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤

2.
ãËúЪ¬ª¢ª·ª¿ªÇªÎªÇØõË­ª»ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤

3.
Ê«ª¬Þ¸(ªÞªº)ª·ª«ªÃª¿ª«ªé,
ÍÔÔõùÊÎèªòðïåöª¹ªëªÈª¹ª¯ö¦òŪ»ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª«ªÃª¿

4.
ÞÀͺªÎô¡ìò(ª»ª­ªËªó)ªÏÞçªËª¢ªëª«ªé, ô¡ìòªòö¢ªéª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤

5.
Ù¥ìíªÏý̪ߪÀª¬, ÞÂÞÀª¬ª¢ªëª«ªé, ª«ª¤ª·ªãªËú¼ª«ª¶ªëªòÔð(ª¨)ªÊª¤

 

 

ª«ª­ªê(ªÀ)


Meaning: As much as ~

Pattern: ÔÑÞòê«úþ¡¡£«¡¡ª«ª­ªê

1.
ð¤Óø(ª»ª¤ªÉ)ËÇà¼(ª«ª¤ª¼ªó)ªÎª¿ªá, ªÇª­ªëª«ª­ªêªÎ Ò½Õôªòª·ªèª¦

2.
ò±(ª·)ªÃªÆª¤ªëª«ª®ªêªÎª³ªÈªò îïÝ» ü¥(ªÏªÊ)ª·ªÆª¯ªÀªµª¤
¡¡

ª«ª®ªêªÇªÏ


* Meaning: as far as ~
* Pattern:
ÔÑÞòê«úþ¡¡+ ª«ª®ªêªÇªÏ

1.
Þ窬ò±(ª·)ªÃªÆª¤ªëª«ª®ªêªÇªÏ, ªÁªçªÃªÈ ªàªºª«ª·ª¤ªÈÞÖ(ªªªâ)ª¤ªÞª¹

2.
ïÙö½îܪ˪ߪ몫ª®ªêªÇªÏ, ª¿ª¤ªêªÄªòªÄªÅª¤ªÆª¤ªëª¬

¡¡

Ù£Þò¡¡£«¡¡ª«ª®ªê

 

* Meaning: only ~, due ~, limited ~, while ~


1. ßö×¾
ªÎª¦ª±ªÄª±ªÏ ÐÑìíª«ª®ªêªÇª¹

2.
50% ªïªêªÓª­ªÏ ÐÑìíª«ª®ªêªÇª¹

3
. ìéÓøª«ª®ªêªÀª«ªé, àüÓު˪Ȫ¤ª¦ ëòãÛ(ª¤ª·ª­)ª¬ ªÄªèª¤ªóªÇª¹

4. ª¦ªÁªÎïÁªÇªÎ ªªª«ªóª¸ªçª¦ªÏ úÞÐݪ«ª®ªêªÇª¹
¡¡

 

¡­ªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤, ¡­ªÏ¡­ªËª«ª®ªë


* ¡­ªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤: does not necessarily mean ~

= ù±ªºª·ªâ¡­ªÊª¤

1.
ªÄªèª¤ªâªÎª¬ ã­(ª«)ªÄªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤ªóªÇª¹

   è Strong one does not necessarily win.

2.
Ú¸ìѪÀª«ªé ú¹(ª·ª¢ªï)ª»ªËªÊªëªÈªÏª«ª®ªéªÊª¤

   è


¡¡

* (A)ªÏ(B)ªËª«ª®ªë:    when (A), (B) is the best

                                when speaking of (A), (B) is the best

1. ñÐ
ªÏ ìíÜâñЪ˪«ª®ªë

   è When speaking of drinks, Japanese Sake is the best        

2.
ªÄª«ªìª¿ãÁªÏ ªªªÕªíªËìý(ªÏª¤)ªëªËª«ª®ªë

   è When (you are) tired, taking a bath is the best


3. ù¾ªÏ ßæ«Ó-«ëªËª«ª®ªë
  
è In summer, tab beer is the best.
¡¡

 

¡­ªËª«ª®ªéªº, ¡­ªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê


¡Ü
¡­ªËª«ª®ªéªº: not only ~, not limited to ~

=ªÀª±ªÇªÏªÊª¯

=ªÎªßªÊªéªº

1.
ªªªóª»ªóªÏ Ò´(ªÈª·)ªèªêªËª«ª®ªéªº, ªïª«ª¤ªâªÎªËªâ ªËªóª­ª¬ª¢ªêªÞª¹

2.
í»ÔÑó³ß§åöªËª«ª®ªéªºª¢ªéªæªëß§åöª¬ ÝÕüϪǪ¹

3.
ïÙö½ËÇúԪΪ¿ªáªËªÏïÙö½Ê«ªËª«ª®ªéªº, ª³ª¯ªßªóªâÒ½Õôª¹ªëªÙª­ªÇª¹

¡Ü
¡­ªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê
=
¡­ª·ªÊª±ªìªÐ

1.
ª·ªóª½ª¤ª¬ ϼ٥(ª­ªåª¦ªáª¤)ªµªìªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê, ïÙö½ÝÕãáªÏ ª­ª¨ªÊª¤ªÀªíª¦

2.
ªªÐݪò ªÏªéªïªÊª¤ª«ª®ªê, ìýíުϪǪ­ªÞª»ªó

¡¡